The condos that they used to live in with their families have now been turned into a school campus, a hotel and other civilian facilities. Also Air Force component of NATO Iceland Defense Force. Search hotels. Join Your Unit Today. In 1968, the first detections of Victor and Charlie class Soviet submarines were made, while in 1974 the first Delta-class submarine was observed. In 1962 and 1973, US submarines conducting covert operations off of the Soviet submarine base at Petropavlovsk were detected by NAVFAC Adak. We are changing how we plan and prepare for this war. Join VetFriends To: Reunite with Unit Buddies. Consolidation continued in 1987 with NAVFAC Whidbey Island, Washington, established with NAVFAC Pacific Beach's acoustic data routed to that facility. The lack of strong fleet support was a factor when budget cuts after the Cold War fell heavily on the surveillance program. American Overseas Airlines, followed by Airport Overseas Corporation personnel, operated the military portion of Keflavik Airport after its reversion to Icelandic control at the end of March 1947. A second generation WADR allowed the consolidation of the Aleutian station at Adak in 1993, the North Atlantic's Argentia in 1995, and those termed "Special Projects" in 1997 and 1998. Donald, David, "Century Jets USAF Frontline Fighters of the Cold War". Reports on the withdrawal of U.S. forces in 2006: This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 02:51. US Naval Facility Keflavik, Iceland, the oldest operating site in the Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS), closed after 30 years of service on Dec. 30, 1996. . Naval Ocean Processing Facility (NOPF), Dam Neck, Virginia, in 1980 with Western Atlantic consolidation was the first of the NOPFs to be so named. NAVFAC Barbados was decommissioned in 1979. The leading site for news and procurement in the military aerospace industry, IDEX 2023: EDGE Group dominates as strategic partner, Environmental sustainability innovation: Leading companies in wing-lift enhancement mountings for the aerospace and defence industry, Leading innovators in vibration supression devices for the aerospace and defence industry, Nato allies improve skills during exercise Real Thaw in Portugal, Australia to deliver two PAC-750XL aircraft for PNGDF, Raytheon to build seven-vehicle missile tracking satellite for SDA, Raft receives $100m contract to support USAFs Kessel Run, Whos saying what? Everyone from the Sailors to the Airmen to the U.S. civilians to our host nationals who have worked this effort, have done an incredible job. [3], USNS Stalwart and USNSWorthy(T-AGOS-14) monohull SURTASS ships were withdrawn with SWATH hull USNSVictorious(T-AGOS-19) accepted by the Navy during 1992. NAVAL AIR STATION KEFLAVIK, Iceland (AFNS) -- The Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center's Detachment 4 successfully led the award of three contracts recently, totaling $38 million to improve airfield infrastructure at Naval Air Station Keflavik. The Keflavk Naval Air Station played an important role during the Cold War, allowing the US to monitor Soviet activities in the North Atlantic. endobj SOSUS grew out of tasking in 1949 to scientists and engineers to study the problem of antisubmarine warfare. When two or more arrays held a contact, triangulation provided approximate positions for air or surface assets to localize. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the system was opened to tactical use and the fleet began to see the contact information in other formats readily understandable by fleet antisubmarine forces. 1 0 obj A contractor for the Office of Naval Research, Fleet Analysis and Support Division published an unclassified report with "SOSUS" in association with the system acronym "SOSS", defined as "Sound Search Station," and a capability to display data from sonobuoys side by side on either aircraft or SOSS displays in contact classification as either friendly or unfriendly targets. On 15 March 2006, the U.S. The base offered a wide variety of recreational services which included bowling, swimming, gymnasium, theater, social clubs, a Wendy's restaurant, and hobby centers. Naval Air Station Keflavik was the host command for all U.S. defense activities in Iceland. *After 1 July 1961, the USAF MAJCOMs operated in a tenant status only. With closure of NAVFAC Brawdy and its array data remoted to Joint Maritime Facility (JMF), St Mawgan the later Integrated Undersea Surveillance System character of the consolidated, joint centers was achieved. The core fleet appears to be those listed below. The 35th Wing was replaced by the newly activated 85th Wing. Jezebel research had developed an additional short range, high frequency, upward-looking system using active transducers for direct plotting of ships passing over the array. United States Air Forces in Europe (USAFE) took over ACC responsibilities at Keflavik on 1 October 2002 as part of a larger restructuring of the unified commands. The United States provided all the maintenance and operation of the airport through an American civilian contractor. During 1994 Canadian Forces Shelburne, Nova Scotia closes as does NAVFAC Argentia with HMCS Trinity established at Halifax Nova Scotia with operation as Canadian Forces IUSS Centre (CFIC). [42][43], Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute detected and tracked a lone whale with a unique call over a period of years in the Pacific.[44]. [10], In 1961 the system proved its effectiveness when it tracked USSGeorge Washington on her first North Atlantic transit to the United Kingdom. It served to ferry personnel, equipment, and supplies to Europe. During 1958 the remainder of the Pacific stations at Naval Facility Point Sur and Centerville Beach in California and Pacific Beach, Washington, and Coos Head near Coos Bay, Oregon were installed. SOSUS shore terminal processing stations were designated with the vague, generic name of Naval Facility (NAVFAC). On the submarine force side, there was a recurrent idea that SOSUS/IUSS could not detect U.S. submarines despite early SOSUS tracking USS George Washington across the Atlantic in its early days. [note 6] The upgrades made possible by the multiplexed coaxial cable were designated Caesar Phase III. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the US began to . NASKEF was responsible for providing all support facilities, including the runways, housing, supply and recreational facilities. Two P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft assigned to Patrol Squadron (VP) 4 sit on the apron of Keflavik . The submarines did not withdraw so SAC dispersed the bombers to bases as far away as Texas. If you worked at or supported the Naval Facility on NAS Keflavik, you are more than welcome to join. It involved everyone here and many higher headquarters elements to develop the plan and execute it.. It describes the operational arrays as being 1,800ft (548.6m) long. USNSZeus(T-ARC-7), the one new cable ship of the requested two, enters the "Caesar fleet" for operations. PME-124 and PMW-180 were the program manager's office designations. Rent a car. That year the system got Chief of Naval Operations tasking to report whale detections. During the height of the Cold War, this access situation created definitive operational security (OPSEC) concerns by U.S. and NATO officials due to potential espionage activities by Soviet operatives masquerading as Icelandic nationals. His environmental photographic study records this uncertainty and documents an important phase, both in the history of Iceland and the US Military. The first experimental array was a six-element test array laid at Eleuthera in the Bahamas in 1951, followed, after successful experiments with a target submarine, in 1952 by a fully-functional 1,000ft (304.8m), forty-hydrophone array. Office of Air Force History, Fletcher, Harry R., Air Force Bases Volume II, Active Air Force Bases outside the United States of America on 17 September 1982, Office of Air Force History, 1989, Hill, Mike and Campbell, John, Tactical Air Command An Illustrated History 19461992, 2001, Martin, Patrick, Tail Code: The Complete History Of USAF Tactical Aircraft Tail Code Markings, 1994, Maurer Maurer, Air Force Combat Units Of World War II, Office of Air Force History, 1983, Ravenstein, Charles A., Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 19471977, Office of Air Force History, 1984. Augmenting these local improvements was the increased central processing in centers that eventually became the Naval Oceanographic Processing Facilities. [3], For much of the system's operation, direct action based on SOSUS contacts was avoided. Naval Hospital Keflavik and the Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) shore terminal at Naval Facility (NAVFAC) Keflavik. There were more than 25 different commands of various sizes and personnel from the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in Iceland. Within the Office of Chief of Naval Operations the Director ASW Programs OP-95 was established in 1964. This article incorporates public domain material from the .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Air Force Historical Research Agency. Endicott, Judy G., USAF Active Flying, Space, and Missile Squadrons as of 1 October 1995. It was because of the low frequencies, "about the A below middle C on the piano" (about 100-150 cycles) and "Jezebel" being chosen because "she was of low character. An alert to Atlantic Fleet, Strategic Air Command (SAC) and the Pentagon came from "underwater listening devices at several secret Navy installations" that two Yankee class nuclear-armed submarines had left their usual patrol areas 1,200 miles out in the Atlantic and were getting dangerously close. [2] US forces would return to Keflavik starting from 2016. KEFLAVIK, ICELAND 09.23.2020 Courtesy Story Air Force Installation and Mission Support Center Public Affairs The combination of location within the ocean and the sensitivity of arrays allowed the system to detect acoustic power of less than a single watt at ranges of several hundred kilometres. Commander, Navy Region Europe, Rear Adm. Noel Preston said the base played an important role in his regions military strategy. Everywhere from housing units, to playgrounds, to schools all that remains now is the memories of the vibrant community the base once supported. SOSUS was a case of new understanding of the environment and then application of largely existing technology and even equipment to the problem.[10]. Whether you're a current student, parent, player, fan or alumni, you'll find over 500 products to customize from, including Keflavik Naval Air Station T-Shirts, Sweatshirts, Hats, Jerseys and more. navfac keflavik, iceland. [1] The first detection of a Soviet nuclear submarine occurred on 6 July 1962 when NAVFAC Barbados recognized and reported contact #27103, a Soviet nuclear submarine west of Norway coming into the Atlantic through the Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap.[1][3]. The flight line served as a launching point for U. S. Air Force F-15 fighters. Location The Ocean System commands, COMOCEANSYSLANT (COSL) and COMOCEANSYSPAC (COSP), then began to reflect their true nature as Undersea Surveillance commands COMUNDERSEASURVLANT (CUSL) and COMUNDERSEASURVPAC (CUSP) under the Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) name that had come into effect in 1985 as systems other than fixed emerged. The Keflavk Naval Air Station was built by the US Military during WWII. Those were examined by the personnel trained to identify submarine signatures. [1], The secrecy of the system meant that it did not have the widespread fleet support of successful tactical systems despite its actual success. [3][34][note 10] The facility (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}515215.3N 0050813.8W / 51.870917N 5.137167W / 51.870917; -5.137167) was adjacent to the Royal Air Force Station Brawdy which had returned to RAF control during February 1974 after closure in 1971. If you worked at or supported the Naval Facility on NAS Keflavik, you are. But this was insufficient for the new Defense Force, so additional facilities had to be provided quickly. [1], The combination of research and engineering under Jezebel and Michael into an actual broad area surveillance system as seen by Project Hartwell's Frederick V. Hunt became the Sound Surveillance System with the acronym SOSUS. Ambassador to Iceland Carol Van Voorst and special envoy for Icelands Minister of Foreign Affairs, Thorsteinn Ingolfsson. Caesar Phase IV was associated with major upgrades in shore processing with Digital Spectrum Analysis (DSA) backfits at the stations replacing original equipment during the late 1960s. Cold war passive, fixed array undersea surveillance system. Hover to zoom. Over the next four decades, the Defense Force was "at the front" of the Cold War and was credited[by whom?] On 1 October 1994, the 35th Wing was inactivated at Keflavik and reactivated that same day at Misawa Air Base in Misawa, Japan. It was not a part of the SOSUS development. 5. That bureau did not do the same for officers thus forcing those with experience to either leave for new duties or leave the Navy. New coaxial multiplexed commercial telephone system cable, designated SB, using a single wire for all hydrophones allowed major changes with the prototype installed in 1962 at Eleuthera. During 194751, while the base was operated by a U.S. civilian contractor company most of the World War II temporary structures were left empty and became badly deteriorated. Don't worry, we won't spam you. [9][note 4], The hardware technology was largely that of the commercial telephone system and oil exploration. My son was born there. . U.S. 2nd Fleet (C2F) has temporarily established an expeditionary Maritime Operations Center (MOC) in Keflavik, Iceland, to provide the U.S. [30], In 1980 consolidation and elimination of expensive individual facilities was made possible by the Wideband Acoustic Data Relay (WADR) first installed at Midway Island in January 1982 so that the two Midway arrays could eventually be remoted directly to NOPF Ford Island. x][s8~OU1MH)W9$9m}Pl"{l9? R@h4*jv~\d>^?Msvv9_V=:4"/J$n>5[>~I>=~DQ2E&h8>C_Nf_u_?uvz&)\6Mxm\0RP-&Q:JEHJviE-zOY@`NYUyUkseRd_Q{8|~zPMNOAgk8QZT0f&_'b{e8&_ 9!c(TE4WyjOO_&crJm F$a"mlYy,%~XXE.H"T,RbZ.u"Z.25r!u>y1< It consisted of two separate two-runway airfields, built simultaneously just 4km apart. That secrecy led to misunderstandings and even potential breaches of security. $27.99 + $6.89 shipping. Army National Guard units and Interim Marine Security Forces stormed the lava fields surrounding the base during training exercises such as Northern Viking. Soon, Naval Air Station Keflavik was, by all accounts, a 5,000 strong settlement. dn. The projects, supporting the European Deterrence Initiative, or EDI, implemented by the U.S. European Command, intends to increase the responsiveness and readiness of U.S. Air Forces, NATO member-state forces and allies in Europe., Air University and Maxwell AFB News article display template Air Defense Command (ADC) established a temporary radar station at the airport, equipped with World War II-era AN/TPS-1 and AN/TPS-3A radars that operated until a permanent radar station could be constructed at nearby Rockville AS. [3][32] The old station is now home of the Gerace Research Center. [3] Although officially declassified in 1991, by that time IUSS and SOSUS had long been an open secret. May 20, 2021; kate taylor jersey channel islands; someone accused me of scratching their car . bm. (B. SOSUS history began in 1949 when the US Navy approached the Committee for Undersea Warfare, an academic advisory group formed in 1946 under the National Academy of Sciences, to research antisubmarine warfare. We are upgrading infrastructure at Naval Air Station Keflavik to provide a high level of readiness for US Air Forces in Europe. But what will not change is our friendship and partnership with Iceland.. In 1970 COMOCEANSYSLANT and COMOCEANSYSPAC were designated as major commands by the Chief of Naval Operations. A P-8A Poseidon aircraft assigned to Patrol Squadron 16, arrives in Keflavik, Iceland, for anti-submarine warfare training, April 18, 2017. The projects, supporting the European Deterrence Initiative (EDI) implemented by the U.S. European Command, intends to increase the . In 1949, Iceland voted to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) among protests about the US militarizing the country, and the base assumed the status of significant strategic importance in the Cold War. With American air activities greatly reduced in Europe in the immediate postwar months, U.S. flying operations were similarly reduced in preparation for transfer of the base to the Icelandic government at the end of 1946. It was a shallow water, curved array with ten eight-element arrays installed on two cables with each cable having the capacity for the usual forty elements. [16] Naval Facility Keflavik was decommissioned on 13 December 1996.[17]. [note 9][3][28], NAVFAC Argentia got a 2X20 element array in 1963. Book your tours. [note 5] Successful tests with a target submarine resulted in the order to install a total of nine arrays along the coast of the Western North Atlantic. It was named after another young pilot, George Meeks, who died on the Reykjavk airfield. NAS Keflavik features prominently in Tom Clancy's 1986 techno-thriller novel Red Storm Rising. Intended as a temporary wartime base under an agreement with Iceland and the British, U.S. forces withdrew by 1947 but returned in 1951 as the Iceland Defense Force resident on a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) base. [41], National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Vents program at its Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory was granted access to the system at the Naval Ocean Processing Facility at Whidbey Island in October 1990 to combine raw analog data from specific hydrophones with NOAA systems for continuous monitoring of the northeast Pacific Ocean for low-level seismic activity and detection of volcanic activity along the northeast Pacific spreading centers. The surveillance aspect continues with new systems under Commander, Undersea Surveillance. Icelandic nationals had unrestricted access to most of the base, especially since the civilian international airport terminal was also located on the base at the time. The ceremony also marked the final moments of a transition that began in March. Glenn H. Shira February 18, 2014 at 12:46pm. [3], The base was built during World War II by the United States Army as part of its mission to maintain the defense of Iceland and secure northern Atlantic air routes. During 1996 NAVFAC Keflavik Iceland closes and the new Fixed Distributed System Initial Operational Capability is accomplished. The initial array at Eleuthera got a fully functioning NAVFAC with an additional system for the Atlantic at Barbados and the first of the Pacific systems at San Nicolas Island came in 1957. The plane crews are only a small fraction of the thousands of US servicemen that used to by stationed at Keflavk. NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland commissioned and (Station AT) became operational; LT Ernest CASTILLO, III, USN was the first CO May NAVFAC Lewes, DE backfitted with DSA vernier and super-vernier equipment Sep NAVFAC Keflavik (Station AT-1) became operational Oct NAVFAC Eleuthera (Station MIKE-SUGAR) became operational 1967 NAVFAC Ramey becomes NAVFAC Punta Borinquen in 1974. Bragi's personal project became an exhibition, Iceland Defense Force, that's been widely displayed in Iceland and is now on show in Umbrella Gallery in New York City (317 E 9th St Ste 2, New York, 10003, umbrellaarts.com). Over the next three decades, more systems were added; NAVFAC Keflavik, Iceland in 1966 and NAVFAC Guam in 1968 being examples of expansion beyond the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific. Finally, with "undersea surveillance" so openly displayed, the mission is declassified in 1991 and the commands reflect that with replacement of the "oceanographic systems" with the accurate "under sea surveillance," the commands renamed as Commander, Undersea Surveillance Atlantic and Commander, Undersea Surveillance Pacific. Trshavn was located atop mount Sornfelli. Meeks Field to the north-west opened on 23 March 1943. The cited Project HARTWELL report first links arrays with fleet type submarines towing such an array in the GIUK then refers to potential exploitation of the deep sound channel low frequency sounds. The active mode was named by engineers developing the technique "Julie" after a burlesque dancer whose "performance could turn passive buoys active. Even the Fleet had little knowledge of the system or its function. The airfield complex, one of the largest in the world during the war, also required upgrading to accommodate modern aircraft. Access to the base was restricted to authorized military and civilian personnel after the construction of a new civilian passenger terminal on the opposite side of the airfield in the mid-1980s. The primary mission of Naval Air Station Keflavik was to maintain and operate facilities and provide services and material to support operations of aviation activities and units of the operating forces of the Navy and other activities and units, as designated by the Chief of Naval Operations. More than 100 Sailors attended the event, representing [] The unclassified name Project Caesar was used to cover the installation of the system and a cover story developed regarding the shore stations, identified only as a Naval Facility (NAVFAC), being for oceanographic research. Please send us a line at icelandmag@365.is. And we were successful and the NASKEF team had a great deal to do with that, Preston said. That opened a new field for women outside the usual medical, education, or administrative specialties. Name changed in June 2019 to, Greenland-Iceland-United Kingdom (GIUK) gap, Canadian Forces Station (CFS) Shelburne, Nova Scotia, Golf II-class ballistic missile submarine, Commander, Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Acoustic Research Kaneohe Alaska (PARKA) II, "How the ocean grew 'ears' to pinpoint missile shots", Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, Integrated Undersea Surveillance System insignia, "SOSUS The "Secret Weapon" of Undersea Surveillance", "Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS) History 1950 - 2010", Report on Security of Overseas Transport. navfac keflavik, iceland old restaurants in lawrence, ma KEFLAVIK AIR BASE, Iceland - U.S. aircraft often fly to the farthest reaches of the globe. Bell Telephone Laboratories time delay correlation was used to fix target position with two or more sonobuoys in a technique named COrrelation Detection And Ranging (CODAR). During a six-month transition to reduce the military presence in Iceland, most facilities closed and most of the service members departed, leaving behind a core team of active duty and Reserve personnel to finish the job. [3] NAVFAC Cape Hatteras closed in 1982 and in 1983 Midway acoustic data was rerouted directly to Naval Ocean Processing Facility, Ford Island. NAS PANAMA CANAL NAVAL STATION HAT PATCH CAP US NAVY VETERAN USS SAILOR GIFT WOW. In 1966 the project came under Naval Electronics Systems Command (NAVELEX PME-124) where it remained through the name change in 1986 to Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SPAWARSYSCOM PMW 180)[note 12] and a move from Arlington to San Diego in 1997. U.S. government agencies have not reviewed this information. [1][3][18], From 219 January 1952 the British cable layer Alert installed the first full sized, 1,000ft (304.8m) long, forty transducer element operational array in 240 fathoms (1,440.0ft; 438.9m) off Eleuthera in the Bahamas. For those of us that braved the Icelandic Domain in the land of fire and ice. [citation needed]. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [17], From 1958 to 1960 Project Caesar assets began work installing the Missile Impact Location System (MILS), based on technology and installation methods similar to those for SOSUS, in support of Air Force ICBM tests. [citation needed]. On 1 June 1992, Air Combat Command (ACC) assumed command and control of AFI and the 57 FIS. [3][note 8] Arrays of hydrophones placed around the target area located the missile warhead by means of measuring arrival times of the explosion at the various hydrophones of a SOFAR charge in the test warhead. Relive & share the memories of your service time with your brothers & sisters in arms today. For those of us that braved the Icelandic Domain in the land of fire and ice. In 1964 the project was placed under Industrial Manager, Potomac River Command and then Naval District Washington in 1965. Visit Keflavik on your way to or from Reykjavik for a chance to discover the town's wide-range of shops, restaurants, a cinema, museums, and more! bd. [37][38], Both undersea surveillance and the operation of U.S. submarines were tightly held secrets within the communities. The forty hydrophones spaced on the array provided the aperture for signal processing to form horizontal azimuthal beams of two to five degrees wide, each beam with a LOFAR analyzer and capability to do narrow-band frequency analysis to discriminate signal from ocean noise and to identify specific frequencies associated with rotating machinery. Before the nature of the arrays became known, many writers assumed SOSUS was a barrier system, rather than arrays giving surveillance of entire ocean basins. The signatures available were of surfaced submarines from other sources. By 816johna. The Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington has used the system for Ocean Acoustic Tomography.
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