For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. This sends subtle cues to the applicant that she is not being taken seriously, is not a good fit for the job, or is not likely to get hired. c. deindividuation. HLT 1353. chapter_12_answers - CHAPTER 12: CULTURE Multiple Choice 1. Research on gender attitudes conducted by Alice Eagly and her associates (1991) and Geoffrey Haddock and Mark Zanna (1994) suggests: Greenwald and his colleagues (2003) asked both Black and White participants to press a "shoot" button when the target appeared to be holding a gun rather than a harmless object such as a flashlight. unconsciously mimicking others expressions, postures, and voice tones to help us feel what they are feeling, tendency to believe that something is true simply because it has been repeated many times, the tendency for people to take personal credit for success but blame failure on external factors. For example, a job interviewer might have two qualified applicants; a man and a woman. a. a dispositional attribution. living in a nice neighborhood denotes ones place in the social hierarchya place reserved for ones in-group members). Specifically, people see members of an outgroup as more similar to one another in personality than they actually are. Then create a word search puzzle using the sentences-without the word as clues. This best illustrates. Women cannot drive. b. the just-world phenomenon. Intergroup relations. Bodenhausen, G. V., & Peery, D. (2009). Understand biases such as social dominance orientation and right-wing authoritarianism. What term best describes Elena's behavior? To illustrate this pattern, we turn to two ideologies related to bias. Groups give us a sense of social identity: a sense of belonging to the social world. The stereotype content model attends to two major dimensions of evaluating other people: warmth and competence. Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. B) become more extreme in their opinions following group discussion. That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Individualistic culture is to independent self as collectivistic culture is to _______ self. Comparisons of identical and fraternal twins highlight the impact of ________ on aggression. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Rudman, L. A., Farnham, S. D., Nosek, B. Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, Social facilitation refers to the tendency to, Perform well learned tasks more effectively in the presence of others, Expert pool players were observed to make 71 percent of their shots when alone. C) more readily comply with a large request if they previously complied with a small request. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. Groupthink: . Tajfel, H., Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P., & Flament, C. (1971). Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. Early. d. oxytocin. In the United States, for instance, waves of new immigrants such as Chinese people, Irish people, and Italians, were met with open hostility, with attitudes often shifting to the most recent group of immigrants. c. outgroup bias. The tendency to ignore information about general principles in favor of very specific but vivid information. When it comes to relationships, it is valuable to remember that negative comments usually carry much more weight than positive ones. exclusivity. When are petty cash expenses recognized (at the time of establishment, reimbursement, or replenishment)? The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping, Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002, Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009, https://onlinepsych.pepperdine.edu/blog/prejudice-discrimination-coping-skills/, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. d. Catharsis. For example, the SDO gender difference (men higher, women lower) appears all over the world. the tendency to favor our own group: scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame: other-race effect: the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races. Today, there is a greater appreciation of the fact that not all biases are overt hostility based on a personal animosity toward members of a group. Social trap where 2 prisoners are separated and have to consider the impacts of cooperating with their partner or competing to get the first confession. Situational (External) Attribution Theory. His action is best explained in terms of the, Aggression-replacement programs are most likely to advise parents to avoid, In contrast to watching violence on television, participating in violent video games involves, The mere exposure effect refers to the fact that people. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). B) self-serving bias. just-world phenomenon bias. What is faithful representation, and why is it important. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and low levels of testosterone. -cies. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. a. deindividuation. Twenty Wallonians were arrested for nonviolent crimes, whereas 20 Pireaneans were arrested for violent crimes. Since 1946, the average midterm loss for the president's party is 25 seats. In other words, ingroup bias denotes positive feelings towards one's ingroup, while outgroup bias denotes negative feelings towards outgroups. Discrimination and the implicit association test. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). Measured cognitive dissonance by paying participants to $1 or $20 to lie about the enjoyment of a dull task. Social psychologists have developed several ways to measure this automatic preference, the most famous being the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, Banaji, Rudman, Farnham, Nosek, & Mellott, 2002; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). which people belonged to were an important source of pride and self-esteem. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. These blatant biases tend to run in packs: People who openly hate one outgroup also hate many others. It turns out, however, that peoples reaction time on the IAT predicts actual feelings about out-group members, decisions about them, and behavior towardthem, especially nonverbal behavior (Greenwald, Poehlman, Uhlmann, & Banaji, 2009). Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment. Although the interviewer may not be blatantly biased, their automatic or implicit biases may be harmful to one of the applicants. Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. Joie, age 19, is a Black female university sophomore. that most people like women more than men. Trellis8. Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. The tendency to favor one's own . c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Verbal behavior intended to hurt another person is an example of: b. Conformity social class, family, football team etc.) An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . . Historical examples abound. D) the effects of exposure to violent pornography. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Turner, J. C. (1975). In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. In the 21st century, however, with social group categories even more complex, biases may be transforming. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. For example, rich people are often viewed as competent but cold. The jury deliberated on the rape case for over 8 hours. Beth believes that all sorority members are unintelligent and self-centered. Unfortunately, problems can also arise from our tendency to categorize. Use each of these words in a sentence that reflects the word's meaning in the chapter. An allocator divides a large sum of money among three groups of around 20 recipients each and also to themselves. What is a FALSE statement regarding the research on microaggressions. We identify o we compare ingroup bias o tendency to. : Men are more intelligent. Other Quizlet sets. This episode provides an example of, A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts' critiques of her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action, a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people, unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members, Uspeople with whom we share a common identity, Themthose perceived as different or apart from our ingroup, the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame, the tendency to recall faces of ones own race more accurately than faces of other races. d. father care. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways. This is an example of: individuals sometimes perform poorly when apprehensive about being stereotyped. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is sometimes called the ________ gene. Answer 23:- Ethnocentrism is the tendency to view one's own cultu . The tendency to favor ones own cultural group over other groups is known as A) Expert Help. In-group favoritism is an ambiguous form of bias because it disfavors the outgroup by exclusion. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. Although this is unfair, sometimes the automatic associationsoften driven by societys stereotypestrump our own explicit values (Devine, 1989). When people would like a certain idea or concept to be true, they end up believing it to be true. This reaction is best explained in terms of. Women are in poverty and are uneducated more. hide 31 types. c. cognitive dissonance. QUESTION 23 The tendency to apply one's own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as cultural relativism cultural universalism ethnocentrism egocentrism QUESTION 24 Foraging societies practice what . Stereotypes are biased thoughts about a person due to the incorrect belief that the category accurately describes them. The test itself is rather simple (and you can experience it yourselfhere). The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognition) are inconsistent. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. The IAT measures how quickly you can sort words or pictures into different categories. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. Another example includes people who feel benevolent toward traditional women but hostile toward nontraditional women. According to these jurors, this case is best explained in terms of the: The tendency to favor one's own group, the group with whom we share a common identity, is called: Kelly is a Republican and Carlos is a Democrat. Male 3: I don't want you looking over my shoulder all the time. The IAT is sensitive to very slight hesitations that result from having automatic or unconscious biases. B) By contrast, those high in RWA may equally dislike the outgroup member moving into the neighborhood but for different reasons. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. b. there is no physiological basis for aggression in humans. Next, categorization can also lead to prejudice. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. Altemeyer, B. What roles do the evoked set, inert set, and inept set take part in a consumer's information search? This best illustrates, Montel, a White university student, is on academic probation for poor grades. This means, potentially, that there is left-wing authoritarianism that promotes conventional progressive values and seeks to silence dissenting voices (Manson, 2020). A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. the tendency to favor our own group. Like SDO, there does appear to be an association between this ideology (i.e. Take the IAT. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Discrimination is a behavior bias against a person (or group) based on stereotyped beliefs about that group. At its heart, SDO rests on a fundamental belief that the world is tough and competitive with only a limited number of resources. As a result, the White person may give a good excuse to avoid such awkward situations. And a stereotypical old person would be seen as high in warmth but lower in competence. This is not to suggest that actual older people are not competent, of course, but that they are not widely admired for their accumulated wisdom. 30. RWA respects group unity over individual preferences, wanting to maintain group values in the face of differing opinions. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). Distinguish blatant biases from subtle biases. What are the demand functions in this case? Such a question would be preposterous if you were only surrounded by members of your own group. According to Gallup's polling . c. more; more Classic examples of blatant bias include the views of members of hate groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and members of Hitlers Nazi party. Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. This means seeing women, minorities, homosexuals, and non-believers as inferior. High rates of violence are most common among those who experience minimal levels of: She is a skydiver as well as a tennis player. An unjustifiable attitude toward a group and its members. Verify that U/p=x(p,m)\partial U^* / \partial p=-x^*(p, m)U/p=x(p,m). This belief best illustrates: While visiting the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp shortly after World War II, one German civilian is said to have remarked, "What terrible criminals these prisoners must have been to receive such treatment." The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. a. more; less The tendency to recall faces of one's own face more accurately than faces of other races. For example, a person might not have ever been to a Hindu wedding, but their experience of weddings as a general category can help them know what to expect and how to behave. Biases can explicit (overt and conscious) or more implicit (automatic, ambiguous, and ambivalent). (Blame the Victim). The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. The groups are supporters of two rival political movements in Thailand and politically neutral subjects. Intergroup bias. python 3d scatter plot with labels; C) selective perception. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation (external) or the person's disposition (internal). a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. ethnocentric. The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction. The tendency to see the beliefs, values, and customs of one's own culture or group as "right" or "natural" is called a. ethnicity. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. Flashcards, matching, concentration, and word search. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). This illustrates, Adjusting one's behavior or thinking toward a group standard is called, Research participants believed that the Ash conformity test involved a study of, Alex thinks smoking is addictive but other players on his hockey team insist that it's not. This module focuses on biases against individuals based on group membership and against groups. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . 6. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). This shows that: The "we" aspect of our self-concept is what social psychologists call: people's motivation to avoid prejudice is internal. ethnocentrism . View Essay - chapter_12 from HLT 1353 at University of Houston. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Male 1: Maybe more than anybody else. Denote the maximal utility as a function of ppp and mmm by U(p,m)U^*(p, m)U(p,m), the value function, also called the indirect utility function. For the following sentence, make corrections in end mark, period, and comma usage as needed. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet the tendency to favor one's own group quizlet. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. c. Conflict Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. In particular, it is unclear to what extent ingroup favoritism is driven by preferences concerning the welfare of ingroup over outgroup members, vs. beliefs about the behavior of ingroup and outgroup members. Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. This experiment best illustrated the impact of, The discomfort we feel when 2 thoughts are inconsistent is called, Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as the, We tend to feel cheerful around happy people and sad around depressed people. A) lack of critical thinking due to a strong desire for social harmony within a group. Most people also identify as members of certain groups but not others. For example, imagine that a person believes left-handed people are more creative than right-handed people. Psychology. Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. A tendency to favor one's own group is called: been more racially prejudiced than others. Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. (2020). The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through group discussion is called, Nora, Ko, Ian, and May each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. Examined the impact of social roles and authority on behavior with his famous Stanford Prison experiment. (Check the elasticity of px(p,m)p x^*(p, m)px(p,m) w.r.t.
Alberta Settlement Services,
Marcus Jordan Net Worth 2021,
Articles T