Register or login to make commenting easier. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. Toggle navigation. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. The contention is that such similarity in success prospects requires social and economic redistribution and not only anti-discrimination and equal treatment (what Rawls refers to as formal equal opportunities). On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. Sociologist. Quantitativist. Hernes, H. (1987). Vibert, F. (2007). As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. Signs, 19(3), 630657. In S. Besson & J. S. Mart (Eds. Fraser, N. (2003). The Pros And Cons Of Disney's "The Princess And The Frog" Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways: Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. The brevity by which descriptive investigations are carried out means that their costs are not high, compared to other types of investigations. This leaves lasting impacts, not only emotionally, but mentally and psychologically as well. Descriptive research is a process of systematically describing and analyzing something's features, properties or characteristics. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. Should Congress Look Like America? There isnt enough research on the subject, with our world Under PR fewer votes are wasted as more peoples preferences are taken into account. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? 3. The classic example of this advantage is that critical sample can be useful in determining the value of an investigation, while the expert sampling approach allows for an in-depth analysis of the information that is present. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). The more people feel less repressed by the authority the more they feel like they can speak and actual have their voices heard. The documentary forces us to, The United States is the most racially diverse nation in the world. Berkeley: University of California Press. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. Young, I. M. (1990). What is a Descriptive Representative? The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . Pros and Cons List Template | Miro (2002). Justice and the politics of difference. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Affordable. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian. Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. You do not currently have access to this chapter. Yet, demographically speaking, Congress as a whole is still a long way from where the country is and remains largely white, male, and wealthy. Strengths & Weaknesses of Descriptive Research - Synonym New York: Oxford University Press. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Crenshaw, K. (1991). Highlight the major advantages and disadvantages of the product, process, strategy, idea, etc. Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. London: Sage. Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. Your email address will not be published. Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. In each case, we find that in a given Congress, legislators are around 6-9 percentage points more likely to contact federal agencies on behalf of constituents with whom they share background char-acteristics, when compared to their nonveteran, male, or white . In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. Such comparative analysis helps for quick understanding and attention. Descriptive Approach Vs. Prescriptive Approach - The Classroom The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Racial and ethnic minorities accounted for 90 percent of the population growth in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the United States is rapidly becoming even more diverse. However, they also have some cons, such as low sound quality and low battery life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. to the people they represent. - 136.243.94.45. The 114th Congress, which began in January 2015, had a historically large percentage of racial and ethnic minorities. (2004). Here are the major reasons for using graphics to highlight the pros & cons: Show the pluses and minuses of specific options. Towards a European union gender equality index. This form of representation is called descriptive representation. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. Journal of Political Philosophy, 12(1), 119. The affirmative action controversy. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. Representative democracy is a form of government in which the people elect officials to create laws and policy on their behalf. West European Politics, 36(3), 447473. Experimental research offers the highest levels of control. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. 6. New York: Routledge. Walby, S. (2011). Descriptive Representation Descriptive representation refers to the election of racial and ethnic minor-ity members to policymaking bodies (Pitkin 1967). 23 Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research Descriptive Research Design - Methods, Advantages & Disadvantages The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institutions website, please contact your librarian or administrator. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Would perfect mobility be perfect? It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. It is different from exploratory research in that it is typically more focused on a certain unknown or unproven aspect of the project. Pros of Reservation System in India The Reservation System in India traces its roots back to the pre-independence era, when it was introduced to put an end to social evils such as untouchability and caste system. Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. New York: Palgrave. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. It is based on the belief that constituents are more effectively represented by legislators who are similar to them in key demographic characteristics as gender, ethnicity, or religion. The procedures involved with experimental research make it possible to isolate specific variables within virtually any topic. Evidence from Romania. Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. Princeton: Princeton University Press. At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. ), States of democracy: Gender and politics in Europe. Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment Measures like percentiles and quartiles become very useful in this area of expertise. Research Fellowship Program Other Program and Initiatives While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. ), Has liberalism failed women? What is a Descriptive Representative? | PS: Political Science She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons - Verint Ethics, 91, 431450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools 9. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). It is also known as the linear sequential model. In our current system, voters are given one vote to . For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. Minow, M. (1991). Engelstad, F., & Teigen, M. (2012). Growing up, racial profiling was never a big deal to me or my family. Roemer, J. Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. 2. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. States of democracy: A gender perspective. Rawls, J. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Norsk Statsvitenskaplig Tidsskrift, 13(3). The concept of representation. Substantive and Descriptive Representation in Swiss Cantons Morone, J. PROS Better understanding Easy sharing of information Accurate analysis Sales analysis Finding relations between events Modification of data Exploring opportunities and trends Geographical visualization CONS It gives estimation not accuracy Biased Lack of assistance Improper design issue Wrong focused people can skip core messages Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics For example, raw numbers may show that people are more prone to a specific behavior, but an interview will explain why this behavior is occurring. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Uni Research Rokkan Centre, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Womens and Gender Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Holst, C. (2016). Does Grading Matter In College? - TheBestSchools.org Easy to set up, doesn't require extra space. Pros of Representative Democracy. At extended last, mindful neighbors will probably concur upon common issues and cooperate to explain, As we look at social disorganization theory we knew that they were using spatial maps to look at the locations of juveniles. Mansbridge, J. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. (1999). Sound Bar vs. Surround Sound - Pros and cons - Descriptive Audio This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. $\endgroup . The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress, Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Congress, Formal Approaches to the Study of Congress, Touching the Bones: Interviewing and Direct Observational Studies of Congress, Historical Approaches to the Study of Congress: Toward a Congressional Vantage on American Political Development, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Theories of representation and the link between descriptive and substantive representation, Descriptive representation and the constituentrepresentative link, Descriptive representation and substantive representation of group interests, Voting behavior and representation of minority interests, Beyond voting behavior: Exploring the link between descriptive and substantive representation throughout the legislative process, Descriptive representatives and vigorous advocacy for group interests, The importance of institutional and partisan dynamics, Critical mass and institutional influence on descriptive representation, Critical mass and institutional power in congress, Leadership differences in substance and style, Congressional Institutions and Procedures, Managing Plenary Time: The U.S. Congress in Comparative Context, The Ties That Bind: Coalitions in Congress, The Development of Congressional Elections, The Development of the Congressional Committee System, Sectionalism and Congressional Development, Congress and the Executive Branch: Delegation and Presidential Dominance, The Amorphous Relationship between Congress and the Courts, Reflections on the Study of Congress 19692009, ' Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests', in George C. 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