For example: I live in The North. Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. The pastor prayed that God should deliver us from our sins. Characteristics. down South. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Otherwise, the word should be lowercased, as in "the god of war.". By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. For example, you would write "the Southern United States," but "the southern way of . Most style guides recommend capitalizing "West Coast" when referring to the western seaboard of the U.S. hi, should i capitalize 'west' in 'west Africa' or 'north' in north Africa'? When combining with another common noun to form the name for a region . Consistency is the most important thing, though, so you should be fine as long as the form chosen is clear and you use it each time. Updated on December 22, 2018. "The South" is capitalized because it designates a definite region, e.g., "I was born and raised in the South." More answers below Colorado is part of the Southwest. Do not capitalize these words when they merely indicate direction or general location. Is "Southern California" considered a proper noun? The concept of a "region" is significant and used widely among the several geography branches, each of which could describe the areas or zones in region-based terms. The North, The East, The South, and The West. ), Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Proper nouns - American Psychological Association I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". What is the rule for state abbreviations? In all cases, though, you should: And if you need help, our expert proofreaders are ready! The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition (2010) has a useful and detailed discussion of this issue. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. Q. Debating with an editor over capitalization of the word bicentennial. A Little Help with Capitals - Purdue Writing Lab One exception to this rule: common objects with a country or nationality as part of the name ( french fries, scotch whiskey, venetian blinds, and so forth). Binomial nomenclature is, of course, also used for animals, including the singularly curious one designated as Homo sapiens. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. Please note that my close-vote reason was 'lack of reasonable signs of research'; I believe that there are differences between the 'northern Europe' example and this one. Is that an argument? Avoiding Common Capitalization Errors | The Proofreading Pulse The main thing is to be consistent with whatever you choose. Capitalize words that are part of the formal name, but lowercase in less formal uses: he crossed the Hudson River; but: he fell into the river. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Capitalize these words when they designate regions. My name is Erin. 4 Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. You can even submit asample document for free to see how our services work. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. It's similar to why your name is always capitalized. That means that official names of departments and units should be capitalized and not when referring to just a type of department or unit. Here are directions capitalized in sentences: Words such as "southerner" and "northerner" are usually not capitalized if they denote people. Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. Capitalize names of organizations, institutions, stores, businesses, teams, political parties, and government bodies. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. Capitalization | CSU - California State University . Hi, Chris. The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ), but I'd suggest not capitalizing it unless you're certain it is necessary. capitalization - To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. The term "region" is a general noun, and it's usually not capitalized, as a result. Hi there! The AP Stylebook, which is the guiding stylebook for a number of news organizations, including The Daily Tar Heel, advises against using the Oxford comma in most basic series. Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". Other assets have a wide range of liquidity. However, to, not a dash, should be used when from introduces a range of dates (from 2012 to 2013, not from 2012-13). They are written with capital letters. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Lowercase to when it functions in an infinitive. Be consistent (e.g., dont use south England in one part of a document and South England in another if youre referring to the same place). Black and white: Why capitalization matters - Columbia Journalism Review Human settlements and their impact on the physical geography, and, The communication between the environment and humanity, The precipitation is the maximum in the interior, Cattle-breeding techniques or practices could vary across, Urundi and Ruanda are fertile, healthy, high-lying, and thickly populated, This text isn't a law but an abstract of the several special usages obtained in those, She passed the Lake Amadeus and the Reynolds range in that direction but had to turn, Many scholars are now studying the global. If a is used, go with prime minister.). Is it "southern California" or "Southern California?". That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. Should The South Be Capitalized? - FAQS Clear Popular usage sets the rules for standard practice especially in the case of region names. Posted by Capitalization For WebCT Users in Writing Classes: The "caps" icon (usually immediately before a word) indicates either that the following word ought to be capitalized (for one of the reasons listed here) or, if it is already capitalized, that it shouldn't be. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. But, generally, you only need to capitalize a direction in a place name if the direction is a standard part of the places name. One reason partisans capitalize "White" or "Black" is to denote its importance in messages, even subliminally, magnified by lowercasing the "other." As always, we believe that labels can oversimplify, and that a specific description is better. However, if youre referring to a specific region, such as the east coast of the United States, keep the words lowercase. NOTE: Within certain regions it is not uncommon for many who live there to capitalize the adjective because of the special importance they attach to the regional designation. University Editorial Style Guidelines - Santa Clara University Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. (Cap or no cap on east and west). EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. When the word "state" comes after a state's name, it should be capitalized. In some cases, like country and city names, this is clear. Less democratic. It is also a great option for general business writing. When possessive pronouns like her, his, my, our, and your are used, do not capitalize them. Don't capitalize these words when they refer to the general location, geography or climate of a region. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. APA Style 6th Edition Blog: Do I Capitalize This Word? Along with the proper nouns listed in the table above, you should also always capitalize: the first word after a colon when what follows the colon is an independent clause, most nouns when they are followed by numerals or letters (e.g., Table 1, Figure 2, Panel A; see section 4.17), and. Did any DOS compatibility layers exist for any UNIX-like systems before DOS started to become outmoded? Despite that, knowing how to capitalize names of places, regions, geographical features, directions, etc. Did the Allman Brothers Band play southern rock or Southern rock? I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. Should "west coast" be capitalized if it is referring to the western region of the U.S.? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Are Directions Capitalized? Easy Ways to Know When That's when even the most exhaustive style . @EdwinAshworth I didn't notice any argument in his answer at all. Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? Do you capitalize state when referring to a state? Use lower case for generic or plural references. is considered basic and should be known by people who claim to have a good command of the language. In the case of prime minister, either both words begin with a capital letter or neither, except, obviously, when it starts a sentence. So, noun will be always first capital letter. September 18, 2013, at 9:56 pm. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: Butsouthernerandnorthernerarecapitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: The civil war was fought between Southerners and Northerners. Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. Duck Vs. Loon: How Are These Words Connected? North, South, West, East Capitalizing Can Be a Beast - ProofreadNOW.com The state abbreviations are always the same: two letter abbreviations with uppercase letters and no periods or spaces between them. The obvious examples of this are countries, states, cities, and other geographical areas: We study the history of Eastern Europe. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. Surely not one word Southeast? But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize "Southern" when referring to "the South" in the United States, regardless of whether you're discussing the Civil War. rev2023.3.3.43278. How can I find out which sectors are used by files on NTFS? But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. Here are a few sentences with the word "region" in them: If part of a title or headline, the word "region" can be capitalized to conform to title capitalization rules. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. If these geographic areas are part of a name, however, such as "River Thames", capitalize the term. The word white is not usually capitalized in this situation; men would never be. Without capitalization, it could refer to anyone in the southern hemisphere, or perhaps southern England. I studied Pisces, a constellation of the North sky, on a cloudless night. The geographical areas "The North," "The East," "The South," and "The West" are treated like proper nouns. I am living in Western Downtown. By convention, however, southern is capitalized when it refers to the region of California: I live in Southern California. It only loosely defines a region of California and its border is not officially defined either. Capitalize proper nouns and most adjectives formed from proper nouns. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? What about capitalizing a Westerner or a Westerner? It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. For example, we capitalize north, south, east, and west when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. Is state capitalized when referring to a specific state? Seasons. However, widely known designations are capitalized: the Upper East Side, Southern California. Automatically capitalize your email subjects, essay, headline, and article titles. Capitalize such words as Northerner, Southerner, and Midwesterner. However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. The same rules apply to capitalizing western as capitalizing west. Should north southeast and West be capitalized? For example, "Global is a proper noun." . To Capitalise or Not To Capitalise: A Useful Guide - Proofed If the designation is widely known, the "direction" terms are capitalized for instance, "Southern California". I still don't see any "descriptivist argument", much less a strong one. A diathermal wall between two thermodynamic systems in thermodynamics allows heat transfer but does not allow for the transfer of matter across it. How do I connect these two faces together? Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter! When to Capitalize North, South, East and West. Many scholars now study the global South. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. The word "southern" is not part of the official name of California or any city or county, so I never capitalize it. Lowercase with names of nations (southern France) unless they indicate a political division (South Korea). In a June 11 statement, the National Association of Black Journalists issued a recommendation "that whenever a color is used to appropriately describe race then it should be capitalized . Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Erin Wright with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. However, a co-author argues that southern should not be capitalized, because it is an adjective, not a noun. Be the first to read new posts and updates about MLA style. If you are referring to a group of proper nouns such as the Southern States. However, if instead you reference a general location, such as the southern winds, then the word southern should be lowercase. Is Grandma a well-behaved woman? doesn't shout the need for "capitalization", it's safe to write it in lowercase. U.S. On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. But it would be unusual to do this for a less well-known location, such as south Coventry.. the East, the North, the South, the West (of a country) northern, southern, eastern, western (parts of a country) Am I a midwesterner or a Midwesterner? Why are non-Western countries siding with China in the UN. But when the term is used in a formal name, it's capitalized, as in "the Hudson River". Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? English Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, Spanish Proofreading and Copyediting Prices, northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts. I assume CMOS have done reasonable research before arguing against a rigid insistence on 'the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS]' and have thought carefully before arguing against ignoring authors' strong preferences. Capitalizing western and capitalizing west have the same rules. Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? During the Civil War, Northerners and Southerners battled in twenty-three states. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Southern belle - Wikipedia It only takes a minute to sign up. He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. The periods are omitted in headlines. As Sven Yargs' answer shows, there is a strong descriptivist argument involved. North, South, East and West as Proper Nouns You should capitalize North, South, East, and West when theyre part of a proper noun (i.e., the name of a unique thing). This confusion can also be attributed to the fact that certain region names have direction names in their official names, such as "the Middle East". Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? State names had to be abbreviated to make room for the ZIP code. Should southern be capitalized? And if so, when? Is "southern" capitalized in this sentence? - Quora 1. Similar is the case with the following set of words: Here are a couple of sentences for further clarity on the matter: When terms such as "southern district" and "western region" are used as names for specific units within an organization, capitalize them. Capitalize regional terms when they refer to a commonly accepted proper name of an area. Federal or federal? Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? For example, The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) recommends capitalization:2. You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. Is Colorado in the west or the West? Capitalize directions that are names; North, South, East, and West when used as sections of the country, but not as compass directions. Knowing whether to capitalize directional adjectives can be challenging. Capitalization And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). Keep reading to learn everything there is to regions and their capitalization, rules for related terms and phrases, what a region is, etc. What is, In a front-wheel drive setup, theyre what transfers power to the wheels via the transmission or differential (in a rear-wheel drive setup). When to capitalize North East South West? Consult your dictionary if your preferred style guide doesnt address this issue. Botany Rules 1: Writing Plant Common Names and English Names - Blogger Capitalize the pronoun. Should California coast be capitalized? - Sage-Advices The seasons arent proper nouns, so theyre not usually capitalized. Also, if "region" is the first word in a sentence, it is capitalized. When to Capitalize Directional Words - Ellii Blog The other concern I have is that southern is a geographical term, that I feel shouldn't be usurped in this way. Instead, I have compiled a partial list of things people shouldn't capitalize but commonly do anyway. Is Southern capitalized in southern states? What states in the US are consider southern states? Capitalize a persons title when it precedes the name. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. Use the US Postal Services symbol system, which is a two-letter abbreviation that consists of a two-letter abbreviation in which both letters are capitalized and no periods are used when giving an address or in tables or other uses where space is limited. For example: When words such as "northern", "southern", "western", and "eastern" precede a region or place's name, do not capitalize them as they are only indicating a general location in a region. The state abbreviations are always in the same format: two letter abbreviations where both letters are uppercase and no periods or spaces between each letter. Do You Capitalize North, South, East and West? On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. You should only capitalize "east" when you are referring to it as the proper noun, such as "in the East" or "in the Middle East". The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. In most forms of writings, not capitalizing direction names when they could have been capitalized doesn't bother the readers much. Capitalization Unless the word is part of a formal name, do not capitalize federal, state, department, division, board, program, section, unit, or other similar words. Is summer a good time? In general, Midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. In all cases, though, you should: Check your style guide (if applicable) for advice on specific terms. You should only capitalize directions, such as north, south, east, and west, when you are referring to the direction as a proper noun, such as in the South or up North. If you are merely referring to a direction, such as go south on I-90, then you should keep the direction lowercase. As a result, noun will always be the first capital letter. 2023 Caniry - All Rights Reserved Geographic Regions and States Editorial Style Guide Purchase College I tried to describe the difference in my answer below. Should compass directions (i.e., north, south, east, and west) ever be capitalized? Racial and ethnic identity - American Psychological Association Capitalization Rules-A Quick Guide | Grammarly With the passage of time, some words originally derived from proper nouns have taken on a life, and authority, of their own and no longer require capitalization. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. editing, AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. When words like northern, southern, eastern, and western precede a place name, they are not ordinarily capitalized, because they merely indicate general location within a region. A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. But you capitalize them when theyre specific regions or an integral part of a proper name. seems less related to the usual descriptivist process, more opinion-based. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. But southerner and northerner are capitalized when they refer to people on either side of the civil war in the United States: Currently, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary capitalizes Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner, while Websters New World College Dictionary and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language only capitalize Midwesterner and allow northerner, southerner, and westerner to be capitalized or lowercased.7.
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